What does the CEO of Microsoft think of Apple and Google?

At a 2014 event on its Redmond campus, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella detailed his views on what Google and Apple do best.

Satya Nadell CEO of Microsoft

His comments, as the chief executive of the company worth less than Apple, but more than Google, are notable. For context, in his thus-short tenure at Microsoft, Nadella has completed its purchase of Nokia, and also continued the company’s push into cloud computing.

Here’s Nadella’s quote on his rivals:

‘When I think about what Apple does, what Google does and what Microsoft does, therein lies perhaps the simplest answer to why these three identities are actually pretty distinct.

To me Apple’s very, very clear, and, in fact, I think Tim Cook did a great job of even describing that very recently where he said they sell devices and that’s what Apple is all about.

And Google is about being, it’s about data or it’s about advertising, it is about serving you ads in a tasteful way, and they’ve done a great job of that business.’

Apple’s massive success in hardware has driven its historic revenue and profit growth. Though, naturally, those successes have been underpinned by prescient software choices, including adding an application marketplace to iPhone when that product was in its infancy. The App Store has been a key strength that Apple used to help launch the iPad to strong market adoption, and will, presumably, assist its upcoming Watch product also see quick initial sales.

Apple's iTunes

Google’s advertising prowess is obvious, but again isn’t the full story: The company’s search products made selling ads possible; if Google hadn’t built the dominant search tool for most of the world, its ad incomes wouldn’t have soared as they have.

Google's Dominating Search Engine

But that doesn’t mean Nadella is wrong, merely that there is nuance to the point. The executive continued directly, making a case for Microsoft’s own strengths:

‘Whereas in our case our identity really is about empowering others to build products. It’s not really about us and our products. Of course, we have a revenue model and a business model, but to me the place where Microsoft can be distinct and where it comes naturally to us more so than anything else is from the creator of a document to a developer writing an app, to anyone else who is in the business of actually their own creation we want to be the tools provider, the platform provider. That’s the core identity, and productivity to me that’s why it has deep meaning.’

To be most basic, Apple’s core strength is the iPhone, Google’s search, and Microsoft’s selling Windows and Office. Apple wants to get into cloud services, as witnessed by its iCloud Drive product, Google wants to win productivity and cloud computing, and Microsoft is setting itself along similar lines, working to convert Office into a cloud subscription service, and growing its Azure cloud platform.

The large platform companies are combating across a host of surface areas. Apple and Google and Microsoft are each in apps, and hardware, and so forth. The question is which will be the most adept at converting past success into new winnings. Whichever wins a new segment could see its market capitalisation advance, and perhaps challenge the other two for dominance in the next decade of technology.

What Makes Us Feel Good About Our Work

In an earlier blog (Feb 11, 2015) I introduced the work of Dan Ariely and his thoughts about what makes people more productive, and happier, at work. You can watch this fascinating TED talk here.

The skeptic in me NEEDS to see the evidence before I believe it, so here is a look at some of Ariely’s studies, as well as a few from other researchers. All of which has interesting implications for what makes us feel good about our work.

Seeing the fruits of our labour may make us more productive
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The Study: In a study conducted at Harvard University, Ariely asked participants to build characters from Lego’s Bionicles series. In both conditions, participants were paid decreasing amounts for each subsequent Bionicle: $3 for the first one, $2.70 for the next one, and so on. But while one group’s creations were stored under the table, to be disassembled at the end of the experiment, the other group’s Bionicles were disassembled as soon as they’d been built. “This was an endless cycle of them building and we destroying in front of their eyes,” Ariely says.

The Results: The first group made 11 Bionicles, on average, while the second group made only seven before they quit.

The Upshot: Even though there wasn’t huge meaning at stake, and even though the first group knew their work would be destroyed at the end of the experiment, seeing the results of their labour for even a short time was enough to dramatically improve performance.

The less appreciated we feel our work is, the more money we want to do it
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The Study: Ariely gave study participants — students at MIT — a piece of paper filled with random letters, and asked them to find pairs of identical letters. Each successive round, they were offered less money than the previous round. People in the first group wrote their names on their sheets and handed them to the experimenter, who looked it over and said “Uh huh” before putting it in a pile. People in the second group didn’t write down their names, and the experimenter put their sheets in a pile without looking at them. People in the third group had their work shredded immediately upon completion.

The Results: People whose work was shredded needed twice as much money as those whose work was acknowledged in order to keep doing the task. People in the second group, whose work was saved but ignored, needed almost as much money as people whose work was shredded.

The Upshot: “Ignoring the performance of people is almost as bad as shredding their effort before their eyes,” Ariely says. “The good news is that adding motivation doesn’t seem to be so difficult. The bad news is that eliminating motivation seems to be incredibly easy, and if we don’t think about it carefully, we might overdo it.”

The harder a project is, the prouder we feel of it
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The Study: In another study, Ariely gave origami novices paper and instructions to build a (pretty ugly) form. Those who did the origami project, as well as bystanders, were asked at the end how much they’d pay for the product. In a second trial, Ariely hid the instructions from some participants, resulting in a harder process — and an uglier product.

The Results: In the first experiment, the builders paid five times as much as those who just evaluated the product. In the second experiment, the lack of instructions exaggerated this difference: builders valued the ugly-but-difficult products even more highly than the easier, prettier ones, while observers valued them even less.

The Upshot: Our valuation of our own work is directly tied to the effort we’ve expended. (Plus, we erroneously think that other people will ascribe the same value to our own work as we do.)

Knowing that our work helps others may increase our unconscious motivation
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The Study: As described in a recent New York Times Magazine profile, psychologist Adam Grant led a study at a University of Michigan fundraising call center in which  student who had benefited from the center’s scholarship fundraising efforts spoke to the callers for 10 minutes.

The Results: A month later, the callers were spending 142 percent more time on the phone than before, and revenues had increased by 171 percent, according to the Times. But the callers denied the scholarship students’ visit had impacted them.

The Upshot: “It was almost as if the good feelings had bypassed the callers’ conscious cognitive processes and gone straight to a more subconscious source of motivation,” the Times reports. “They were more driven to succeed, even if they could not pinpoint the trigger for that drive.”

The promise of helping others makes us more likely to follow rules
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The Study: Grant ran another study (also described in the Times profile) in which he put up signs at a hospital’s hand-washing stations, reading either “Hand hygiene prevents you from catching diseases” or “Hand hygiene prevents patients from catching diseases.”

The Results: Doctors and nurses used 45 percent more soap or hand sanitizer in the stations with signs that mentioned patients.

The Upshot: Helping others through what’s called “prosocial behavior” motivates us.

Positive reinforcement about our abilities may increase performance
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The Study: Undergraduates at Harvard University gave speeches and did mock interviews with experimenters who were either nodding and smiling or shaking their heads, furrowing their eyebrows, and crossing their arms.

The Results: The participants in the first group later answered a series of numerical questions more accurately than those in the second group.

The Upshot: Stressful situations can be manageable — it all depends on how we feel. We find ourselves in a “challenge state” when we think we can handle the task (as the first group did); when we’re in a “threat state,” on the other hand, the difficulty of the task is overwhelming, and we become discouraged. We’re more motivated and perform better in a challenge state, when we have confidence in our abilities.

Images that trigger positive emotions may actually help us focus
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The Study: Researchers at Hiroshima University had university students perform a dexterity task before and after looking at pictures of either baby or adult animals.

The Results: Performance improved in both cases, but more so (10 percent improvement!) when participants looked at the cute pictures of puppies and kittens.

The Upshot: The researchers suggest that “the cuteness-triggered positive emotion” helps us narrow our focus, upping our performance on a task that requires close attention. Yes, this study may just validate your baby panda obsession.

What have you noticed makes you work harder – and better?

Motivational Monday: You Are Made Of Stars

Do You Realise That You Are Made Of Stars?

Do you ever wonder where you came from?

That is the stuff that’s inside your body like your bones, organs, muscles…etc. All of these things are made of various molecules and atoms. But where did these little ingredients come from? And how were they made? The answer to these questions will take us back to a time long ago when the universe was much different than it is now.

Our body is composed of roughly 7x10²⁷ atoms. That is a lot of atoms! Try writing that number out on a piece of paper: 7 with 27 zeros behind it. We say roughly because if you pluck a hair or pick your nose there might be slightly less. Now it turns out that of those billion billion billion atoms, 4.2x10²⁷ of them are hydrogen. Hydrogen is bigbang dust and not stardust. This leaves 2.8x10²⁷ atoms of stardust. Thus the amount of stardust atoms in our body is 40%.

Since stardust atoms are the heavier elements, the percentage of star mass in our body is much more impressive. Most of the hydrogen in our body floats around in the form of water. The human body is about 60% water and hydrogen only accounts for 11% of that water mass. Even though water consists of two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen, hydrogen has much less mass. 

We can conclude that 93% of your body mass is made up of stardust, because all of the elements except for hydrogen and helium are created in the stars!

Consider that YOU have the capacity for infinite greatness within you and are made up of the same elements that we find in the heavens!

We must believe that we have the mind, the strength and the courage to do the same things, if not, more – than all of the greatest achievers throughout history.

Let’s not ever lose sight of the infinite greatness that lies within us!

It’s up to you to tap into this source of power, first through seeking knowledge and then taking action, which is applied knowledge – WISDOM!

Remember that you are not only made up of the stars in the heavenly realms, you are also made in the image of infinite intelligence – to live a life of infinite greatness.

That is all –

David